Transgender women will be barred from competing in female categories at the Olympic Games under a sweeping new policy approved by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), marking one of the most significant shifts in modern sporting eligibility rules.
The decision, announced on Thursday following an IOC executive board meeting, will take effect from the 2028 Olympic Games in Los Angeles and applies across all Olympic sports. The governing body said eligibility for women’s events will now be restricted to “biological females”, determined through a mandatory one-time genetic test.
Under the new framework, athletes seeking to compete in female categories must undergo screening for the SRY gene — typically associated with male sex development — using non-invasive methods such as saliva or cheek swabs. The IOC said the measure is designed to ensure “fairness, safety and integrity” in women’s sport.
IOC President Kirsty Coventry acknowledged the sensitivity of the issue but defended the policy as necessary to protect competitive balance. “At the Olympic Games, even the smallest margins can be the difference between victory and defeat,” she said. “It is absolutely clear that it would not be fair for biological males to compete in the female category.”
The move brings the IOC into alignment with policies adopted in the United States under President Donald Trump, whose administration has pushed for restrictions on transgender participation in women’s sport. The IOC had previously allowed individual sporting federations to set their own eligibility rules, resulting in a patchwork of standards across disciplines.
The new policy also extends beyond transgender athletes to include some competitors with differences in sex development (DSD), a group that has long been at the centre of eligibility disputes. Athletes with such conditions — including two-time Olympic champion Caster Semenya — may now face additional restrictions in order to compete in women’s events.
While the IOC insists the rules are grounded in scientific and medical evidence, the decision has already sparked fierce debate. Critics argue that the policy is overly simplistic and risks excluding athletes unfairly, particularly given the complexity of biological sex and genetic variation.
Some scientists have questioned the reliability of SRY gene testing as a definitive marker of athletic advantage, warning it may not fully capture the nuances of human biology. Others have raised concerns about a return to sex testing in elite sport, a practice largely abandoned in previous decades due to its psychological impact on athletes.
Supporters of the policy, however, say it represents a long-overdue step to safeguard women’s sport. They argue that individuals who have undergone male puberty may retain physical advantages in strength, endurance and speed, even after medical transition, and that a universal rule is preferable to inconsistent standards across sports.
The IOC has emphasised that the new regulations are not retroactive and will not affect grassroots or recreational sport. The organisation also reiterated its commitment to inclusion, noting that access to sport remains a fundamental human right under the Olympic Charter.
Despite the intensity of the debate, the number of transgender athletes competing at the Olympic level remains extremely small. No openly transgender woman competed at the Paris 2024 Games. The most prominent example remains New Zealand weightlifter Laurel Hubbard, who competed at the Tokyo Olympics in 2021 but did not win a medal.
Nevertheless, the issue has become a focal point in wider cultural and political discussions about gender, fairness and inclusion in sport. The IOC’s decision signals a decisive move away from its previous case-by-case approach towards a uniform global standard.
Whether the policy will withstand legal challenges or further scientific scrutiny remains to be seen. For now, however, the ruling sets the stage for a new era in Olympic competition — one that is likely to remain as contentious as it is consequential.